KAZA Surface Water Maps


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Type: Collection
Storage: The size of this collection is 1.4 KB
Created: Oct 29, 2025 at 8:36 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Feb 25, 2026 at 8:48 p.m. (UTC)
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Sharing Status: Public
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Abstract

Reliable freshwater access drives terrestrial wildlife movements and habitat use globally. However, the small, rain-fed seasonal pools critical for dryland wildlife persistence are vulnerable to the rising temperatures and unstable precipitation regimes under climate change. In southern Africa, drying surface water may impact area-sensitive and water-dependent mammals by inhibiting seasonal migrations and increasing resource competition and human-wildlife conflict.
We present a framework and empirical analysis of fine-scale surface water mapping in the 520,000km2 Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), the world's largest terrestrial conservation area. From 2019-2025, we implemented Otsu thresholding on median Automated Water Extraction Index imagery from 10m Sentinel-2 MSI, leveraging high wet season contrast between vegetation and water as a dry season positive mask. We created >35 quasi-monthly KAZA-wide Ephemeral Surface Water (ESW) rasters (mean classification accuracy 87%), and found wet-season precipitation drivers of fill levels did not extend into the dry season. Then, using GPS data from 27 African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana), which typically visit water every 48 hours, we compared elephant water visitation rates based on ESW to existing 30m Global Surface Water (GSW) maps. Models using ESW estimated 99% of elephant data came within a 48-hour window, compared to 42% for GSW, suggesting that ESW is a better proxy for actual water use.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
['Decimal degrees']
North Latitude
-13.5138°
East Longitude
32.5535°
South Latitude
-23.5637°
West Longitude
15.2830°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Collection Contents

Add Title Type Owners Sharing Status Remove
Botswana NG-13 Case Study Resource Maggie Swift Public & Shareable
KAZA Surface Water GEE Workflow Resource Maggie Swift Public & Shareable
KAZA Validation Data Resource Maggie Swift Public & Shareable
Ephemeral Surface Water (ESW) regional files Resource Maggie Swift Private & Shareable
Maximum Water Fill (MWF) Rasters Resource Maggie Swift Public & Shareable
Ephemeral Surface Water Recurrence (ESWr) Resource Maggie Swift Public & Shareable

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Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
WWF-US None None

Contributors

People or Organizations that contributed technically, materially, financially, or provided general support for the creation of the resource's content but are not considered authors.

Name Organization Address Phone Author Identifiers
Robin Naidoo WWF-US
Piet Beytell MEFT
Anna Songhurst Ecoexist Trust
Graham McCulloch Ecoexist Trust

How to Cite

Swift, M. (2026). KAZA Surface Water Maps, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/8d974079c9f146cfa25aaeeab7a8a342

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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