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Paired Storms Framework for Post-Fire Flood Analysis


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Created: Mar 12, 2025 at 4:36 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Mar 13, 2026 at 5:17 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

To automate the analysis of the influence of wildfire on runoff events across numerous storms and watersheds the Paired Storms Framework was developed. The Framework applies the concepts of the established paired watersheds approach but exchanges time for space by identifying and comparing post-fire flood-producing storm characteristics to those of similar (i.e., paired) unburned storms in the same watershed. The Paired Storms Framework first retrieves and processes hourly 1 km2 gridded precipitation data from the NOAA Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) data product. Then storms are created using the RREDI Toolkit (Canham & Lane, 2024) and storm temporal, spatial, and interannual and seasonal context are calculated. Post-fire floods of interest are selected and for each post-fire flood, undisturbed paired storms are identified from the storm record as those with similar parameterized characteristics. Finally, the influence of the wildfire on the post-fire flood is calculated as a multiplier of how many times greater the post-fire runoff peak magnitude is than that of the paired storms. This Framework utilizes the open-source Python.

Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University
Associated text: Canham, H., B. Lane (in review). Paired storms approach reveals post-fire flood characteristics and drivers. In review at Water Resources Research.

Associated code repository: Canham, H., Lane, B. (2024). Rainfall-Runoff Event Detection and Identification (RREDI) toolkit, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/797fe26dfefb4d658b8f8bc898b320de

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Content

readme.txt

## Paired Storms Framework for Post-Fire Flood Analysis - ReadMe.txt ##
## Canham, H., Lane, B. (2025). Paired Storms Framework for Post-Fire Flood Analysis, HydroShare, https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/e232f1ee789a4d03aa276008da2b7afb  ##

## Utah Water Research Laboratory ##
## Utah State University ##

## March 2025 ##

## Contact ##
	Haley Canham - haley.canham@usu.edu
	Belize Lane - belize.lane@usu.edu


## Code repository for paired storms framework to accompany Canham and Lane (2025) ##

## Contents ##
	ReadMe.txt - Start here
	Example Files - Directory containing example input and output files for paired storms framework workflow
		1Out_AORC_1km_lats.csv
		1Out_AORC_1km_longs.csv
		2Out_AORC_1km_grid.csv
		3In_AORC_1km_grid.csv
		3Out_AORC_1km_coordinates.csv
		4In_AORC_1km_coordinates.csv
		4Out_ArroyoSeco_Burnedpoints.csv
		4Out_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		5In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		5Out_ArroyoSeco_AORCPrecip_1979.csv
		6In_ArroyoSeco_AORCPrecip_1979.csv
		6In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		6Out_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
		7In_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
		7Out_ArroyoSeco_precip_MaxSummary.csv
		8In_ArroyoSeco_precip_MaxSummary.csv
		8Out_ArroyoSeco_Storms_3.csv
		9In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		9In_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
		9In_ArroyoSeco_Storms_3.csv
		9Out_ArroyoSeco_StormGrids.csv
		10biIn_ArroyoSeco_OutletValue.csv
		10biIn_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		10biIn_ArroyoSeco_StormDepthGrids.csv
		10biOut_ArroyoSeco_SpatialChars.csv
		10biiIn_ArroyoSeco_Burnedpoints.csv
		10biiIn_ArroyoSeco_StormDepthGrids.csv
		10biiOut_ArroyoSeco_StormFireOverlap.csv
		12In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
		12Out_ArroyoSeco_PFFs_80post3.csv
		13In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs_80post3.csv
		13In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
		13Out_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
		13Out_ArroyoSeco_PostFloods_Storm0.csv
		14In_ArroyoSeco_AllStorms.csv
		14In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
		14In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
		14Out_ArroyoSeco_PFF_percentiles.csv
		15In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
		15In_ArroyoSeco_PFF_Storm0.csv
		15Out_ArroyoSeco_Multipliers.csv
	Scripts - Directory containing developed .py scripts for paired storms framework
		1_AORC_LatLongs.py
		2_AORC_1km_grid.xlsx
		3_AORC_1km_coords.py
		5_Retrieve_AORCPrecip_Zarr_parallel_multiyr.py
		6_Combine_AORCPrecip_Years.py
		7_SummarizeAORCData.py
		9_StormGrids.py
		10bi_SpatialStomCharacteristics.py
		10bii_StormFireOverlap.py
		12_PFFs_80post3yr.py
		13_PairedStorms.py
		14_PFF_percentiles.py
		15_Multipliers.py

## Data sources ##
NOAA Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) Dataset was accessed on May 3, 2024 from https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-nws-aorc.

USGS 11098000 Arroyo Seco NR Pasadena CA streamflow data was accessed on May 31, 2024 from https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory/?site_no=11098000.

## Additional Resources Used ##
Canham, H., B. Lane (2024). Rainfall-Runoff Event Detection and Identification (RREDI) toolkit, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/797fe26dfefb4d658b8f8bc898b320de


## Paired Storms Framework Workflow ##
Note: Steps 4-15 code and example input and output files are for Arroyo Seco watershed (USGS 11098000). 	

1.	Retrieve AORC 1km2 lat and long coordinate values - 1_AORC_LatLongs.py
	Outputs: 
		1Out_AORC_1km_lats.csv
		1Out_AORC_1km_longs.csv
2.	Create grid of AORC lat,long coordinates with available precipitation data - manually 
		done in excel - 2_AORC_1km_grid.xlsx
		Note: trimmed version included for file management size 
	Outputs:
		2Out_AORC_1km_grid.csv
3. 	Convert AORC lat/long grid to list of lat/long coordinates - 3_AORC_1km_coords.py
	Inputs:
		3In_AORC_1km_grid.csv
	Outputs:
		3Out_AORC_1km_coordinates.csv
4. 	GIS spatial analysis to identify AORC coordinates of interest within watershed and burned points 
	Inputs:
		4In_AORC_1km_coordinates.csv
	Outputs:
		4Out_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		4Out_ArroyoSeco_Burnedpoints.csv
5.	Retrieve AORC 1km2 precipitation data for list of coordinates, for specified year(s) - 5_Retrieve_AORCPrecip_Zarr_parallel_multiyr.py
	Inputs: 
		5In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		Used slurm batch processing to run script 
	Outputs:
		5Out_ArroyoSeco_AORCPrecip_XXXX.csv where XXXX is year
		Note: only 1979 inlcuded in file repository
6. 	Combine individual year AORC gridded precipitation files to one single file - 6_Combine_AORCPrecip_Years.py
	Inputs:
		6In_ArroyoSeco_AORCPrecip_XXXX.csv #where XXXX is year, only 1979 included
		6In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv 
	Outputs:
		6Out_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
7. 	Summarize raw gridded AORC precipitation data in a watershed to a watershed summary timeseries using 
		the maximum value - 7_SummarizeAORCData.py
	Inputs: 
		7In_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
	Outputs: 
		7Out_ArroyoSeco_precip_MaxSummary.csv
8. 	Generate Storms - RREDI, Canham and Lane (2022)
	Inputs:
		see RREDI, Canham and Lane (2022)
		8In_ArroyoSeco_precip_MaxSummary.csv
	Ouput:
		8Out_ArroyoSeco_Storms_3.csv
9. 	Make storm depth precipitation grids (lat, longs) for each storm - 9_StormGrids.py
	Inputs:
		9In_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
		9In_ArroyoSeco_raw_precip.csv
		9In_ArroyoSeco_Storms_3.csv
	Ouputs:
		9Out_ArroyoSeco_StormGrids.csv
10. 	Calculate storm characteristics
	a. Calculate temporal storm characteristcs - RREDI, Canham and Lane (2022)
	b. Calculate spatial storm characteristcs 
		i.	Calculate Ce, CV, and storm-watershed overlap - 10bii_StormFireOverlap.py
			Inputs:
				10biIn_ArroyoSeco_OutletValue.csv
				10biIn_ArroyoSeco_points.csv
				10biIn_ArroyoSeco_StormDepthGrids.csv
			Outputs:
				10biOut_ArroyoSeco_SpatialChars.csv
		ii.	Calculate storm-burned area overlap - 10bii_StormFireOverlap.py
			Inputs:
				10biiIn_ArroyoSeco_Burnedpoints.csv
				10biiIn_ArroyoSeco_StormDepthGrids.csv
			Outputs:
				10biiOut_ArroyoSeco_StormFireOverlap.csv
	c. 	Calculate interannual and seasonal cotext - RREDI, Canham and Lane (2022)
11.	Identify rainfall-runoff events - RREDI, Canham and Lane (2022)
12.	Identify rainfall-runoff events where runoff peak magnitude exceeds 80 percentile daily flow and within 3 years post-fire - 12_PFFs_80post3yr.py
	Inputs: 
		12In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
	Outputs:
		12Out_ArroyoSeco_PFFs_80post3.csv
13.	Identify 5 largest post-fire floods, identify paired storms for each flood - 13_PairedStorms.py
	Inputs:
		13In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs_80post3.csv
		13In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
	Outputs:
		13Out_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
		13Out_ArroyoSeco_PostFloods_StormX.csv #where X is the PFF number, only included example for one identified PFF
14.	Calculate percentiles of PFF storm metrics - 14_PFF_percentiles.py
	Inputs:
		14In_ArroyoSeco_AllStorms.csv
		14In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
		14In_ArroyoSeco_RainfallRunoffEvents.csv
	Outputs:
		14Out_ArroyoSeco_PFF_percentiles.csv
15.	Calculate post-fire flood runoff peak multipliers (post/paired) - 15_Multipliers.py
	Inputs:
		15In_ArroyoSeco_PFF_Storm0.csv
		15In_ArroyoSeco_PFFs.csv
	Outputs:
		15Out_ArroyoSeco_Multipliers.csv

Related Resources

This resource requires Canham, H., B. Lane (2024). Rainfall-Runoff Event Detection and Identification (RREDI) toolkit, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/797fe26dfefb4d658b8f8bc898b320de
This resource is described by Canham, H. A., Lane, B. (in review). Paired storms approach reveals post-fire flood characteristics and drivers.

How to Cite

Canham, H., B. Lane (2026). Paired Storms Framework for Post-Fire Flood Analysis, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/e232f1ee789a4d03aa276008da2b7afb

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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