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Wet Antecedent Soil Moisture Increases Atmospheric River Streamflow Magnitudes Non-Linearly
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Created: Apr 17, 2024 at 2:25 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: May 07, 2025 at 2:50 p.m. (UTC)
Published date: May 07, 2025 at 2:50 p.m. (UTC)
DOI: 10.4211/hs.0871c3b8775d4153a024f532be34ecd9
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Abstract

This repository contains the data and code used to analyze the impact of antecedent soil moisture conditions on flooding caused by atmospheric rivers for our paper:

Webb, M. J., Albano, C. M., Harpold, A. A., Wagner, D. M., & Wilson, A. M. (2025). Wet Antecedent Soil Moisture Increases Atmospheric River Streamflow Magnitudes Non-Linearly. Journal of Hydrometeorology. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-24-0078.1

"In this study, we analyze how antecedent soil moisture (ASM) conditions contribute to variability in streamflow during atmospheric river (AR) events and how that changes across climatic regimes and physiography in 122 U.S. West Coast watersheds. We identify a robust non-linear relationship between streamflow and ASM during ARs in 89% of watersheds. The inflection point in this relationship represents a watershed-specific critical ASM threshold, above which event maximum streamflow is, on average, two to four and a half times larger. Wet ASM conditions amplify the hydrologic impacts of more frequent but weaker, lower moisture transport AR events, while dry ASM conditions attenuate the hydrologic impacts that stronger, higher moisture transport AR events could otherwise cause. Our research shows that watersheds prone to ASM-amplified streamflows have higher evaporation ratios, lower cold-season precipitation, lower snow-to-rain ratios, and shallower, clay-rich soils. Higher evaporation and lower precipitation lead to greater ASM variability during the cold season, increasing streamflow during wet periods and buffering streamflow during dry periods. Lower snow fraction and shallower soils limit the antecedent water storage capacity of a watershed, contributing to greater sensitivity of streamflow peaks to ASM variability. Incorporating ASM thresholds into hydrologic models in these regions prone to AR-amplified streamflow could improve forecasts and decrease uncertainty."

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Western U.S.
North Latitude
49.5000°
East Longitude
-113.5000°
South Latitude
32.0000°
West Longitude
-125.5000°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

README.txt 

# CITATION

Data and code for the following manuscript:

Webb, M. J., Albano, C. M., Harpold, A. A., Wagner, D. M., & Wilson, A. M. (2025). Wet Antecedent Soil Moisture Increases Atmospheric River Streamflow Magnitudes Non-Linearly. Journal of Hydrometeorology. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-24-0078.1

Please cite the above study if you use these data or code.


# OVERVIEW

 - 'all_basin_characteristics.csv' = This file contains all compiled GAGES II watershed characteristics for the 122 study watersheds.

 - 'WLDAS_events.csv' = This file contains all AR events and the corresponding data about climatology (e.g. precipitation and antecedent conditions) and streamflow response.

 - 'PeakFQ_example' = This directory contains example data and scripts to conduct flood frequency analysis using the USGS PeakFQ software using the Bulletin 17C guidance.

- 'analysis_data_and_code.zip' = This zip file contains all the code and data necessary to reproduce our analyses. Additional guidance is provided in the enclosed .txt file. Note that raw WLDAS and Rutz AR Catalog netCDF files are not included due to size restrictions but can be downloaded from GES DISC (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/WLDAS_NOAHMP001_DA1_D1.0/summary?keywords=WLDAS) and ftp://sioftp.ucsd.edu/CW3E_DataShare/Rutz_AR_Catalog, respectively.

 - 'publication_figures' = Zip file containing the basic data and code used to create the publication figures. 


# NOTES
Please reach out with any questions. This is my first time posting code/data associated with a manuscript so it has been a learning experience.

Related Resources

This resource is referenced by Webb, M. J., Albano, C. M., Harpold, A. A., Wagner, D. M., & Wilson, A. M. (2025). Wet Antecedent Soil Moisture Increases Atmospheric River Streamflow Magnitudes Non-Linearly. Journal of Hydrometeorology. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-24-0078.1

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) Grant No. 1937966
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nevada Space Grant Consortium Cooperative Agreement No. 80NSSC20M0043
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center Urban Flood Demonstration Program Agreement No.W912HZ1920011

How to Cite

Webb, M. (2025). Wet Antecedent Soil Moisture Increases Atmospheric River Streamflow Magnitudes Non-Linearly, HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.0871c3b8775d4153a024f532be34ecd9

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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