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Data associated with Elliott et al. Geochemical and sediment dynamics during an experimental high flow pulse event on the Allegheny River: Lessons for river system management
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| Created: | May 28, 2025 at 4:12 p.m. (UTC) | |
| Last updated: | Jun 13, 2025 at 2:15 p.m. (UTC) | |
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Abstract
High flow and flood events are important components of natural river flow regimes, as they maintain healthy aquatic habitats and riparian ecosystems. However, human alteration of rivers for flood control, including dam construction, modifies and homogenizes downstream hydrological patterns by moderating extreme high and low flows. In this study, we evaluate the biogeochemical fluxes stemming from the first experimental spring flood (i.e., pulse event) on the Allegheny River (Pennsylvania, USA) conducted by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Sustainable Rivers Project. The pulse event was initiated on March 30, 2023, by a sustained release of 451 cms from the Kinzua Dam for 21 hours. We hypothesized that this experimental spring pulse would initially lead to the release of organic-rich sediment and nutrients stored behind the Kinzua Dam. We also expected the "geochemical fingerprint" of downstream water to change over the duration of the pulse event due to the released flood water interacting with hyporheic water, scouring the channel and riparian areas, and then ultimately receding. To quantify the impact of the pulse on downstream biogeochemistry, we collected hourly water grab samples over a 48-hour period that spanned pre- and post-pulse conditions from multiple locations downstream of the Kinzua Dam. We evaluated the water chemistry of grab samples for multiple parameters, including concentrations of dissolved metals, nutrients, total suspended solids, and nitrate isotopes. Our results indicate that variable water chemistries can be linked to the timing and flushing of different portions of the river channel and floodplain across the span of the pulse event. These results demonstrate the value of downstream monitoring during pulse events for tracing flow dynamics, quantifying material fluxes, and documenting the impact of similar experimental spring floods on downstream river ecosystems.
This resource includes the data files of: environmental measurements (including but not limited to water temperature, pH, conductivity); hourly grab sample concentrations of dissolved metals, nutrients, total suspended solids, and nitrate isotopes; United States Geological Survey gage streamflow during the pulse event; and code associated with organizing data and calculations.
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Content
README.txt
Overview This resource contains hourly grab sample dissolved metals, nutrients, total suspended solids, and nitrate isotopes as well as environmental measurements and streamflow collected during the experimental pulse event on the Allegheny River beginning on March 30, 2023. See associated manuscript and supplemental information for sample collection, calculations, and analysis methods. Site key: KD = Kinzua Dam collection site near USGS gage 03012550 (Allegheny River at Kinzua Dam) WR = Warren collection site at private dock in Warren, PA WRC = Allegheny River below Conewango Creek at Warren, PA (USGS gage 03015310) WH = West Hickory collection site near USGS 03016000 (Allegheny River at West Hickory, PA) Sondes: EXO2 Multiparameter Sonde (Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH, USA) deployed at WR for duration of the pulse event SUNA Nitrate Sensor (Sea-Bird Scientific, Bellevue, WA, USA) deployed at WR for duration of the pulse event AquaTroll 500 Multiparamter Sonde (Fort Collins, CO, USA) deployed at WH for duration of the pulse event YSI handheld sondes (Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH, USA) used at KD and WH with hourly grab samples Filenames: ALL_data_masterfile.csv master file of all data (streamflow, continuous, grab samples) master_file_wrangling.R R code including data merging, calculations, etc In folder Continuous_Sonde_Data: WR_continuous_NO3_SUNA.csv Warren dock site SUNA continuous nitrate WR_continuous_EXO2.csv Warren dock site continuous pH, water temp, etc. WH_continuous_aquatroll.csv West Hickory site continuous pH, water temp, etc. In folder Hourly_Grab_Samples: grabsample_master_all3sites.csv master file including only data from grab samples YSI_grabsamples.xlsx Handheld YSI data taken in tandem with grab samples. In folder USGS_streamflow: pulse_Q_data_pull.R R code pulling streamflow data from USGS pulseQ_all3sites.csv compiled USGS streamflow data Column description Sample_ID: individual sample unique identifier site: site of data point (KD = Kinzua Dam, WR = Warren dock, WRC = USGS gage at Warren below Conewango, WH = West Hickory) Date: date of collection TimeEDT: time of collection in local time zone (Eastern Daylight Time) timging_group: timing group of samples determined by pulse hydrograph Q_cfs: United States Geological Survey streamflow in cubic feet per second; see manuscript and SI for details regarding WR site streamflow Q_cms: United States Geological Survey streamflow in cubic meters per second; see manuscript and SI for details regarding WR site streamflow NO2_N_mgL: milligrams nitrite-N per liter, grab sample NO3_N_mgL: milligrams nitrate-N per liter, grab sample NH4_N_mgL: milligrams ammonium-N per liter, grab sample TP_ugL: micrograms total phosphorus per liter, grab sample TN_mgL: milligrams total nitrogen per liter, grab sample DON_mgL: milligrams dissolved organic nitrogen per liter, grab sample d15N_NO3: ?15N of nitrate per mille, grab sample d18O_NO3: ?18O of nitrate per mille, grab sample d2H_H2O: ?2H of water per mille, grab sample d18O_H2O: ?18O of water per mille, grab sample TOC_mgL: milligrams total organic carbon per liter, grab sample Li_ppm: lithium parts per million, grab sample B_ppm: boron parts per million, grab sample Na_ppm: sodium parts per million, grab sample Mg_ppm: magnesium parts per million, grab sample Al_ppm: aluminum parts per million, grab sample Si_ppm: silicon parts per million, grab sample P_ppm: phosphorus parts per million, grab sample K_ppm: potassium parts per million, grab sample Ca_ppm: calcium parts per million, grab sample Sc_ppm: scandium parts per million, grab sample Ti_ppm: titanium parts per million, grab sample V_ppm: vanadium parts per million, grab sample Cr_ppm: chromium parts per million, grab sample Mn_ppm: manganese parts per million, grab sample Fe_ppm: iron parts per million, grab sample Co_ppm: cobalt parts per million, grab sample Ni_ppm: nickel parts per million, grab sample Cu_ppm: copper parts per million, grab sample Zn_ppm: zinc parts per million, grab sample As_ppm: arsenic parts per million, grab sample Se_ppm: selenium parts per million, grab sample Rb_ppm: rubidium parts per million, grab sample Sr_ppm: strontium parts per million, grab sample Zr_ppm: zirconium parts per million, grab sample Mo_ppm: molybdenum parts per million, grab sample Ag_ppm: silver parts per million, grab sample Cd_ppm: cadmium parts per million, grab sample In_ppm: indium parts per million, grab sample Sn_ppm: tin parts per million, grab sample Sb_ppm: antimony parts per million, grab sample Cs_ppm: cesium parts per million, grab sample Ba_ppm: barium parts per million, grab sample La_ppm: lanthanum parts per million, grab sample Ce_ppm: cerium parts per million, grab sample W_ppm: tungsten parts per million, grab sample Pb_ppm: lead parts per million, grab sample Bi_ppm: bismuth parts per million, grab sample U_ppm: uranium parts per million, grab sample TN_TP: total nitrogen to total phosphorus molar ration TOC_TN: total organic carbon to total nitrogen molar ratio Ca_Sr: calcium to strontium molar ratio Chlorophyll_RFU: chlorophyll relative fluorescence units (EXO2 at WR) Cond_uScm: conductivity in microSiemens per centimeter (EXO2 at WR) Depth_m: depth of sonde in meters (EXO2 at WR) fDOM_QSU: fluorescent dissolved organic matter quinine sulfate units (EXO2 at WR) fDOM_RFU: fluorescent dissolved organic matter relative fluorescence units (EXO2 at WR) nLF_Cond_uScm: (EXO2 at WR) ODO_persat: optical dissolved oxygen percent saturation, corrected with temperature and local barometric pressure at the time of calibration (EXO2 at WR) ODO_perlocal: optical dissolved oxygen corrected with temperature and percent saturation (EXO2 at WR) ODO_mgL: dissolved oxygen in milligrams per liter (EXO2 at WR) Pressure_psi_a: atmospheric pressure in pounds per square inch (EXO2 at WR) Sal_psu: salinity in practical salinity units (EXO2 at WR) SpCond_uScm: specific conductivity in microSiemens per centimeter (EXO2 at WR) TAL_PC_RFU: phycocyanin in relative fluorescence units (EXO2 at WR) TDS_mgL: milligrams total dissolved solids per liter (EXO2 at WR) Tubidity_FNU: turbidity in formazin nephelometric units (EXO2 at WR) Wiper_Position_volt: wiper position (EXO2 at WR) pH: water pH (EXO2 at WR) pH_mV: water pH in millivolts (EXO2 at WR) Temp_C: water temperature in degrees Celsius (EXO2 at WR and AquaTroll at WH) VerticalPosition_m: vertical position of sonde in meters (EXO2 at WR) Battery_V: battery voltage (EXO2 at WR) Cable_Pwr_V: cable power voltage (EXO2 at WR) NO3_mgL_suna: milligrams nitrate per liter, continuous (SUNA at WR) Temp_C1_air: air temperature in degrees Celsius (AquaTroll at WH) pH_aquatroll: water pH (AquaTroll at WH) ORP_mV: oxidizing-reducing potential millivolts (AquaTroll at WH) Actual_Conductivity_uScm: actual conductivity in microSiemens per centimeter (AquaTroll at WH) Specific_Conductivity_uScm: specific conductivity in microSiemens per centimeter (AquaTroll at WH) Salinity_PSU: salinity in practical salinity units (AquaTroll at WH) Total_Dissolved_Solids_ppt: total dissolved solids in parts per trillion (AquaTroll at WH) Turbidity_NTU: turbidity in nephelometric turbidity units (AquaTroll at WH) RDO_Concentration_mgL: rugged dissolved oxygen in milligrams per liter(AquaTroll at WH) RDO_Saturation_perSat: rugged dissolved oxygen in percent saturation (AquaTroll at WH) Oxygen_Partial_Pressure_Torr: oxygen partial pressure in Torr (AquaTroll at WH) Barometric_Pressure_mmHg: barometric pressure in millimeters of mercury (AquaTroll at WH) Pressure_psi: pressure in pounds per square inch (AquaTroll at WH) Depth_ft: sonde depth in feet (AquaTroll at WH) pH_ysi: water pH (handheld YSI sonde at KD and WH) T_degC_ysi: water temperature in degrees Celsius (handheld YSI sonde at KD and WH) Notes: BDL = below detection limit NA = missing or not available
Related Resources
| This resource is described by | Elliott, E.M., Sinon, H., Yancy, A.J., Butkus, C.R., Zuccolotto, G., Weitzman, J.N., Bain, D.J., Ozpolat, E., Ayo-Bali, A., Zidar, K., Whitmire, S.L. Geochemical and sediment dynamics during an experimental high flow pulse event on the Allegheny River: Lessons for river system management. Biogeochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-025-01243-6 |
Credits
Funding Agencies
This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
| Agency Name | Award Title | Award Number |
|---|---|---|
| U.S. National Science Foundation | 1939977 | |
| National Institute of Food and Agriculture | 1700590 | |
| Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences | ||
| Pittsburgh Water Collaboratory |
How to Cite
This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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