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Analysis of the rainwater harvesting potential for residential irrigation in Colorado’s main urban areas under future climate conditions


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Created: Oct 31, 2024 at 8:31 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Aug 19, 2026 at 3:06 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

Precipitation in Colorado is highly variable in space and time, and surface water, which supplies most of the state's water use, faces growing gaps between supply and demand, with municipal shortfalls identified as a major risk in the Colorado Water Plan 2023. Rainwater harvesting coupled with water-wise landscaping offers one conservation strategy to curtail residential irrigation demand. Extending the Denver-focused analysis of Gilliom et al. (2020) to the whole state, this study assesses the variability of rainwater harvesting potential across Colorado's 60 main urban areas under future climate conditions. A daily water balance model using a yield-before-spillage release rule was run for April to October across 9 precipitation scenarios (PRISM historical data plus eight GCM projections under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, downscaled via MACAv2-METDATA), 6 housing configurations, 3 storage capacities (110, 300, and 500 gallons), and 3 irrigation demands (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 mm/day). System performance was evaluated using the annual rainwater harvesting yield, the fraction of irrigation demand supplied by harvested rainwater. Yield increased with smaller irrigated area, greater storage capacity, and lower irrigation demand, with the irrigated-area effect outweighing housing density. Across urban areas, mean annual yield was highest in Vail (28%) and lowest in Trinidad (18%), with the highest-yielding locations concentrated in the high-elevation Interstate 70 corridor and the lowest in southern and western Colorado. Under favorable conditions rainwater harvesting yielded 18% to 100% (mean 62%), while under Colorado's current 110-gallon legal storage limit it yielded 10% to 65% (mean 32%), indicating a promising supplemental source for offsetting outdoor municipal water use.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Colorado, USA
North Latitude
41.0048°
East Longitude
-102.0520°
South Latitude
37.0026°
West Longitude
-109.0723°

Content

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
Colorado Water Center FY23 USGS 104 B Graduate Student None

How to Cite

Ramírez-Núñez, J. S., Bhaskar, A. S. (2026). Analysis of the rainwater harvesting potential for residential irrigation in Colorado’s main urban areas under future climate conditions, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/1bd5014e001f4f97ac8207a1209d5604

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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