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Time-varying Streamflow and Fractals Dataset for United States
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Created: Jun 18, 2025 at 7:48 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Jul 07, 2025 at 5:04 p.m. (UTC)
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Content types: Single File Content  CSV Content 
Sharing Status: Public
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Abstract

The dataset includes daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly streamflow records with fractal and chaos characteristics for 2,899 USGS gauging stations in the U.S. and Puerto Rico (1970–2023) for three flow regimes: highest, average, and lowest. The series are available in various formats, including versions with incorrect or missing data that have been interpolated and filled, as well as the raw format. he available fractal and chaos metrics include Hurst exponents (calculated using rescaled range and detrended fluctuation analysis), multifractality dimension, entropy, Morlet wavelets (which consist of max, mean, and L2-norm modulus across three bands: low, mid, and high), Lyapunov exponents, and RQA analysis (which covers recurrence rate, determinism, laminarity, and trapping time). Fuzzy C-means clustering categorized the gauges into three dynamic classes with membership probabilities included. The dataset includes raw and processed series, dynamics metrics, and cluster probabilities matrix. The dataset supports hydrological modeling, regional classification, benchmarking, and machine learning applications. A visual map-based proxy is available.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico
North Latitude
64.9020°
East Longitude
-65.6934°
South Latitude
18.0322°
West Longitude
-159.6199°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

readme.md

United States Time-varying Streamflow and Fractals Dataset



Description

This dataset contains streamflow time series in varying resolutions as well as corresponding characteristics of streamflow dynamics representing stochastic and deterministic factors affecting variability over the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. 2,899 gauges with data from 1 Jan 1970 to 31 Dec 2023 are available in daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annual scales.

Naming conventions

Each dataset have two distinctive identifiers:

  • data scale (aggregation resolution): daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual
  • streamflow regime identifier related to aggregation resolution:
    • for maximal flows: max and/or Qmax
    • for average flows: mean and/or Qavg
    • for minimal flows: min and/or Qmin

Visual access

The fractal and chaos metrics, as well as grouping results, can be visualized and downloaded using the digital map dashboard.
Map allows for custom view and selection, to limit saved output.
Access method: open using link below, click "Open dashboard" button.
Digital map application
Hosted by: Mississippi State University
System: ArcGIS Online


File structure

Files are organized in folders, allowing custom downloads of resources.

Structure is as follows:

  • Characteristics
    • fields.txt (field description)
    • resolution_regime.csv (individual dynamics characteristics by aggregation periods and flow regime)
  • Spatial
    • gauges.csv (csv file with each gauge location)
    • gauges.gpkg (GeoPackage with gauges locations)
    • gauges_shp.zip (.zip archive with ShapeFile of gauge locations)
  • Time_series
    • description.txt (description file explaining the differences in available time series)
    • data_log.csv (file describing negative and missing data, number and location, by gauge)
    • By_gauge
      • gaugeID.tar.gz (path containing .tar.gz with all time series by gauge id)
      • ...
    • Filled
      • resolution_regime.csv (path containing tables with all gauges filled time series by aggregation resolution and regime type)
      • ...
    • Filled_cleaned
      • resolution_regime.csv (path containing tables with all gauges filled and cleaned time series by aggregation resolution and regime type)
      • ...
    • Raw
      • resolution_regime.csv (path containing tables with all gauges raw time series by aggregation resolution and regime type)
      • ...
    • Raw_cleaned
      • resolution_regime.csv (path containing tables with all gauges raw and cleaned time series by aggregation resolution and regime type)
      • ...

Related Geospatial Features

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Related Resources

The content of this resource is derived from U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Information System, https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Geospatial Modeling Grant NA19NOS4730207

How to Cite

Raczynski, K., K. Grala, J. Cartwright (2025). Time-varying Streamflow and Fractals Dataset for United States, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/44716e97517543889d2197aff6dd2cc3

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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