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| Created: | Jun 05, 2025 at 6:09 p.m. (UTC) | |
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Abstract
Wildfires alter the runoff and erosion potential of watersheds through the removal of vegetation and alteration of soil physical and chemical properties. Various soil and water conservation practices have been used to attempt to mitigate these post-fire hazards. Field and lab experiments have shown that organic cover material, such as mulch, can be effective at specific application rates. However, results vary significantly based on environmental factors, many of which have not been thoroughly tested. The significant cost of mulching over large burn areas has driven continued interest in developing a fully quantitative approach to planning mulching operations. Although rainfall is the primary driver of post-wildfire runoff and erosion, its influence on the effectiveness of cover treatments has yet to be thoroughly assessed. Field studies typically assess the influence of precipitation using long-term accumulations, while laboratory rainfall simulations often rely on uniform intensities. Non-uniform rainfall profiles can result in significantly higher runoff and erosion rates compared to uniform intensities. In this study, we use a rainfall simulator capable of generating time varying intensity profiles similar to natural rainfall observed by gages in the mountains of Colorado. We examine the effects of time-varying rainfall intensity on both mulched and bare soil on a steeply sloped flume. The effectiveness of mulch varies markedly between fluctuating rainfall intensities and a steady intensity. The wood mulch treatment failed to significantly reduce total runoff under time-varying rainfall, though it did under constant rainfall. Erosion rates were reduced with mulch for all rainfall events, despite the increasing intensity rain event causing significantly more erosion on bare soil.
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