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LCZO-Stream Water Chemistry, Streamflow / Discharge, Hysteretic response of solutes and turbidity at the event scale across forested tropical montane watersheds - Luquillo Experimental Forest (2016-2017)
Concentration-discharge relationships are a key tool for understanding the sourcing and transport of material from watersheds to fluvial networks. Storm events in particular provide insight into variability in the sources of solutes and sediment within watersheds, and the hydrologic pathways that connect hillslope to stream channel. Here we examine high-frequency sensor-based specific conductance and turbidity data from multiple storm events across two watersheds (Quebrada Sonadora and Rio Icacos) with different lithology in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, a forested tropical ecosystem. Our analyses include Hurricane Maria, a category 5 hurricane. To analyze hysteresis, we used a recently developed set of metrics to describe and quantify storm events including the hysteresis index (HI), which describes the directionality of hysteresis loops, and the flushing index (FI), which describes whether the mobilization of material is source or transport limited. We also examine the role of antecedent discharge to predict hysteretic behavior during storms. Overall, specific conductance and turbidity showed contrasting responses to storms. The hysteretic behavior of specific conductance was very similar across sites, displaying clockwise hysteresis and a negative flushing index indicating proximal sources of solutes and consistent source limitation. In contrast, the directionality of turbidity hysteresis was significantly different between watersheds, although both had strong flushing behavior indicative of transport limitation. Overall, models that included antecedent discharge did not perform any better than models with peak discharge alone, suggesting that the magnitude and trajectory of an individual event was the strongest driver of material flux and hysteretic behavior. Hurricane Maria produced unique hysteresis metrics within both watersheds, indicating a distinctive response to this major hydrological event. The similarity in response of specific conductance to storms suggests that solute sources and pathways are similar in the two watersheds. The divergence in behavior for turbidity suggests that sources and pathways of particulate matter vary between the two watersheds. The use of high-frequency sensor data allows the quantification of storm events while index-based metrics of hysteresis allow for the direct comparison of complex storm events across a heterogeneous landscape and variable flow conditions.
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Resource Level Coverage
Spatial
Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Luquillo experimental forest
North Latitude
18.4705°
East Longitude
-65.5554°
South Latitude
18.1458°
West Longitude
-65.9660°
Temporal
Start Date:
End Date:
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This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name
Award Title
Award Number
NSF-EAR
0722476
NSF-EAR
1331841
NSF-DEB
0620919
NSF-DEB
1239764
NSF-DEB
1546686
NSF-EF
1442444
University of New Hampshire
New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station
1006760
How to Cite
Wymore, A., M. C. Leon, J. B. Shanley, W. H. McDowell (2019). LCZO-Stream Water Chemistry, Streamflow / Discharge, Hysteretic response of solutes and turbidity at the event scale across forested tropical montane watersheds - Luquillo Experimental Forest (2016-2017), HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.f8420c1447fe440eb93e656b2db0b64d
This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.
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