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Arctic gully identification using high-resolution lidar


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Created: Apr 30, 2024 at 5:12 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: May 23, 2025 at 5:46 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

Hillslope flow networks in the upland Arctic include unchannelized water tracks, curvilinear zones of increased soil moisture, and channelized gullies which can exist along the same longitudinally connected flow network. However, controls on patterns of channelization on continuous permafrost landscapes remain poorly constrained in part due to the difficulty of remotely detecting discontinuous channelized segments. Here we introduce a novel method to identify gullies within Arctic hillslope flow networks using high-resolution lidar verified with field observations on Alaska’s North Slope. This method combines slope, tangential curvature, normalized elevation, and a delineated flow network to model and detect gullies on the landscape. Our best-fit model accurately identifies 80% of gullies (n=40/50) and 71% of water tracks (n=115/163) observed in the field. For the ~431 km2 study region, we found that 26% of hillslope flow networks contain gullies. We detected 14,769 water track networks (9,351 km in length, 93% of hillslope network) and 4,261 gully networks (738 km in length, 7% of hillslope flow network). Gully networks were most abundant in coarse, Holocene-aged sediments and preferential patterns in slope, aspect, and profile curvature suggest that localized subsurface processes, including ground ice abundance and soil pipe formation, may be the primary controls on initial gully formation. While the exact location of new gullies on Arctic hillslopes may be difficult to predict, we expect hillslope flow networks to transition from primarily unchannelized to channelized as permafrost thaws, with direct impacts on water, nutrient, and sediment transport.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Toolik Field Station
North Latitude
68.7089°
East Longitude
-149.0840°
South Latitude
68.5332°
West Longitude
-149.6890°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

readme.txt

This readme file was generated on 19 May 2025 by Brandon A. Yokeley


# GENERAL INFORMATION

Title of Dataset: Arctic gully identification using high-resolution lidar

## Author/Principal Investigator Information
Name: Brandon Yokeley
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4167-1895
Institution: Idaho State University
Address: 
Email: brandonyokeley@isu.edu

## Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information
Name: Sarah Godsey
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-7886
Institution: Idaho State University
Address: 
Email: godsey@isu.edu


## Date of data collection: May 2023 - August 2024 
## Geographic location of data collection: Area surrounding Toolik Field Station in Alaska, USA (149.381° W 68.617° N) 
## Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (EAR-2102338, EAR-2235308, EAR-2102342, and EAR-1653998)


# SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

Additional sources for base data:
NEON Lidar - https://data.neonscience.org/data-products/DP3.30024.001
Surfacial Geology Map - https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/7191

Recommended citation for this dataset: 
Yokeley, B., S. Godsey, S. G. Evans, B. Crosby (2025). Arctic gully identification using high-resolution lidar, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/147ef57d52184692af86a4e11986a4bb


# DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

## File List:
data_folder - contains all the necassary data to run our gully identification model 
data_folder/auxShapeFiles - Contains the auxillary shapefiles needed to run the model, including: the generalized surfical map, field observations, figure extents (Fig. 4 and Fig 6), the pipeline shapefile, the Dalton highway shapefile, the buffered human infrastructure, the lidar bounds, and the generalized surfical geology data
data_folder/figureFolder - a blank folder for storing figures if needed
data_folder/processedNetworks - the outputed water track (wt), gully (tg) and hillslope (hs) networks from our selected model
data_folder/stream_network - contains the final stream network generated from the base DTM
data_folder/pythonScripts - contains all the necassary python scripts to repeate this study


# METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

## Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: This paper is currently under review at JGR Earth Surfaces, but is titled "Abundance and topographic characteristics of gullies and water tracks in the upland Arctic using a novel automated identification method"


## Methods for processing the data: 
*describe how the submitted data were generated from the raw or collected data*

## Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: 
Python 3.9 - Packages include: Numpy, SciPy, Seaborn, Matplotlib, GDAL, OGR, Pandas, GeoPandas, WhiteBoxTools (https://www.whiteboxgeo.com/), Datetime, RasterIO, Random, bs4 (https://pypi.org/project/beautifulsoup4/), and rasterstats
QGIS 3.40 or ArcGIS Pro 3.X

Data Services

The following web services are available for data contained in this resource. Geospatial Feature and Raster data are made available via Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services. The provided links can be copied and pasted into GIS software to access these data. Multidimensional NetCDF data are made available via a THREDDS Data Server using remote data access protocols such as OPeNDAP. Other data services may be made available in the future to support additional data types.

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
U.S. National Science Foundation Collaborative Research: RUI: Zero-order to first-order: Hydrologic drivers of surface-subsurface storage dynamics in thawing permafrost landscapes EAR-2102338
U.S. National Science Foundation Collaborative Research: RUI: Zero-order to first-order: Hydrologic drivers of surface-subsurface storage dynamics in thawing permafrost landscapes EAR-2102342
U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER: Active Learning Across Interfaces: Controls on Flow Intermittency and Water Age in Temporary Streams EAR-1653998
U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER: Hydrogeologic implications of permafrost thaw - Developing a process-based understanding of biophysical controls and educational tools for rural communities EAR-2235308

Contributors

People or Organizations that contributed technically, materially, financially, or provided general support for the creation of the resource's content but are not considered authors.

Name Organization Address Phone Author Identifiers
Sarah Godsey Idaho State University Idaho, US 2082823170
Sarah G. Evans Appalachian State University North Carolina, US ORCID , GoogleScholarID
Benjamin Crosby Idaho State University Idaho, US

How to Cite

Yokeley, B., S. Godsey, S. G. Evans, B. Crosby (2025). Arctic gully identification using high-resolution lidar, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/147ef57d52184692af86a4e11986a4bb

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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